The Brazil-EU project ‘Implementation of the Nagoya on ABS – 4th Phase continued the dialogue between Brazilian and European governments and sectoral experts. This fourth phase specifically aimed to strengthen the regulatory capacities of Brazil and the EU by promoting the traceability of genetic resource samples through the research and product development chain. The project focused on how information about the origin and conditions of access is made available along the supply and value chain, and how information on utilization and benefit generation are made available to Brazil (tracking, tracing and monitoring). While the Nagoya Protocol provides generic solutions, the detail is found in national or regional regulations and laws, and in stakeholder activities. It is in comparison of these that mismatches of expectation and requirements can be found and addressed, to the benefit of all. The project therefore sought to (i) characterize the main features and properties of tracking and monitoring systems for the providers and users of genetic resources (ii) identify the necessary workflows to manage such a system such a system, and (iii) discuss and characterise their main features to ensure practical implementation, including through interoperability with other systems, such as the ABS Clearing House of the Convention on Biological Diversity. It also considered robust and simplified mechanisms and tools to comply with the Nagoya Protocol, with the expectation that such tools would (i) provide legal certainty and consequently (ii) increase the interest and investment in knowledge and bioprospecting of Brazilian biological diversity, stimulating scientific and technological exchanges between Brazil and the EU, while (iii) protecting the interests of all stakeholders. This in turn would contribute to conservation and sustainable use of Brazil’s outstanding biodiversity. The booklet also presents a summary of the EU and Brazil's new ABS regulations.