This handbook addresses some of the practical opportunities and challenges regarding access and benefit by presenting the story of BioTrade as a concrete approach for advancing the implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 15, the Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Nagoya Protocol's objectives, namely conservation of biodiversity, sustainable use and benefit sharing. In doing so, it offers a practical and easy way to understand some of the key issues policymakers and regulators may need to consider when developing and implementing access and benefits sharing (ABS) and BioTrade measures, and projects, in compliance with related international frameworks. The handbook has been structured to highlight key issues and challenges on the ABS and BioTrade interface, with suggestions and recommendations at the end of each section for both regulators and policymakers. A distinction is made between a regulator (i.e. a person who mainly applies a law or regulation) and a policymaker, who develops the rules and frameworks – often these two roles coincide. Comprising nine sections, the handbook provides a glossary, a series of annexes with relevant case studies and two sets of checklists to guide policymakers and regulators. Boxes and tables further illustrate practical examples and complementary information, which will assist regulators in their decision making and policymakers in developing policies and frameworks.