This essay intends to debate the major challenges that Argentina faces as it plans to implement a national regime on Access to genetic resources and Benefit-Sharing (ABS). The ABS encourages the conservation of genetic diversity by means of the fair and equitable distribution of the benefits arisen from the utilization of genetic resources. Distribution is to take place between the providing country and the user of the resources. The study shows Argentina features three main weaknesses in relation to ABS: (1). Firstly; national legislation on the topic is in an early stage of development. The legal framework does not set basic environmental standards on the issue as mandated by the National Constitution nor does it include important elements for genetic resources conservation and sustainable use. (2) ABS legislation at the provincial level is limited. Only eight provinces have passed regulations on the topic and in the few cases were they exist, laws are underdeveloped and do not offer strategic opportunities for biodiversity conservation or the progress of the scientific community working in the field. (3) the capacities of the administrative agencies involved in ABS issues appear to be weak and there is no strategic vision of what the ABS could achieve. Solutions to face the challenges encountered include the adoption of national legislation setting basic standards on access to genetic resources and traditional knowledge and the distribution of the benefits arisen from their utilization in accordance with the Nagoya Protocol. In addition, all provinces should enact ABS legislation; their legal frameworks should prioritize access and transfer of technology and scientific collaboration and cooperation as benefits to be distributed whenever possible. Finally, the capacities of the administrative agencies working in the field should be enhanced.