What permits do I need to collect samples from a specific country and what is the relationship among PIC and MAT, and the IRCC?
You must determine the requirements (ABS laws in place) for the country in question. Under the Nagoya Protocol, initially, you must obtain PIC and establish MAT with the country from which you would like to access a resource. Once this occurs, the Competent National Authority of the country grants access, and would grant you an IRCC for use in the country in which you would be using the resource/in the country of utilization. You would then show the IRCC to the checkpoint in the country of utilization in order to move ahead with utilization (ie. commercialization, obtaining a research grant).
The IRCC is a certificate constituted from the information on the permit or its equivalent registered in the ABS Clearing-House, serving as evidence that the genetic resource which it covers has been accessed in accordance with prior informed consent and that mutually agreed terms have been established. It contains the minimum necessary information to allow monitoring the utilization of genetic resources by users throughout the value chain (Article 17).
When a provider country grants access to a genetic resource and publishes information on the permit or its equivalent, the ABS Clearing-House automatically generates an internationally recognized certificate of compliance (IRCC).
The IRCC helps national Checkpoints (CP) to collect and communicate the information on the use of genetic resources through the ABS Clearing-House to all those involved in the process. The form for communicating the information collected or received by Checkpoints is called Checkpoint Communiqué (CPC).