Although the CBD/NP and the ITPGRFA/MLS are meant to be implemented in mutually supportive ways, many actors involved in national policy development and implementation are uncertain about how to do this in practice. In most countries, different lead agencies have responsibility for implementing the respective agreements and they have not had sufficient opportunities to coordinate their activities. The agency responsible for implementing the CBD/NP often has a low level of familiarity with the ITPGRFA and vice versa. Many policy actors perceive ‘grey areas’ where it is not clear which regulatory system should apply, and the different lead agencies often do not have mechanisms in place to allow them to work together to address these uncertainties in their day-to-day operations. The scenarios presented in this collection are designed to help national focal points, competent authorities and others to work through the grey areas, so that they can develop clearly articulated, mutually supportive approaches to implementing the ITPGRFA and the Nagoya Protocol. Each scenario teases-out issues that frequently arise when countries are putting systems in place to operationalize both the agreements. In all of the scenarios it is assumed that the countries concerned are Parties to the Nagoya Protocol and the ITPGRFA.